Yes, but Docker is an application distribution format that essentially bundles parts of the server the app needs to run on with it so they can run within a container on the host machine. Didn't Microsoft solve this application bundling with .NET before?
Microsoft is going have containers for Windows Server. It looks like it would would with Docker's client as well.
"Last October, Microsoft and Docker, Inc. jointly announced plans to bring containers to developers across the Docker and Windows ecosystems via Windows Server Containers, available in the next version of Windows Server."